Electro-optic Modulators

Electro-optic Modulators

Keywords: Electro-optic modulator, EOM, pulse picker
Feb 12, 2021 View: 6768 Data Sheet

List of EO Modulators Drivers Phase Modulator Intensity Modulator Driver 1. Electro-optic Intensity Modulator The STK-KY-AM series electro-optic intensity modulator utilizes the electro-optical effect of lithium niobate and push-pull Mach-Zehnder inte

STK Series EO Light Modulators and Drivers

List of EO Modulators & Drivers

  • Phase Modulator

  • Intensity Modulator

  • Driver

1. Electro-optic Intensity Modulator

The STK-AM series electro-optic intensity modulator utilizes the electro-optical effect of lithium niobate and push-pull Mach-Zehnder interference structure to achieve intensity modulation of optical signals. It features low insertion loss, high modulation bandwidth, high extinction ratio, low half-wave voltage and high damage optical power. This product is mainly used for electro-optical signal conversion in high-speed optical fiber communication systems, the generation of light sidebands, high extinction ratio light pulse generation in quantum communication, microwave fiber link and other fields.

electro-optic modulator

Key Features

  • Wavelengths optional

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • High bandwidth

  • Low insertion loss

Applications

  • High-speed optical fiber communication systems

  • Microwave fiber link

  • Quantum communication

ParametersSymbolSTK-AM-08STK-AM-10STK-AM-15-10GSTK-AM-15-20G
Wavelength
830±401064±601550±100nm155±100nm
Insertion lossIL<5 dB<4 dB<4 dB<4.5 dB
Optical return lossORL-40 dB-45 dB-45dB-45dB
Bandwidth (-3dB)S212.5GHz10GHz-10GHz20GHz
Rise time 10%~90%tr150ps35ps35ps18ps
Half-wave voltage
@50KHz, RF
5V4.5V4V5V
Half wave voltage @Bias6V6V5V5V
Extinction ratioER28dB30dB>25dB>25dB
Input resistanceZRF50 @RF, 1M @Bias
Electrical interface
SMA(f)K(f)
Electrical return lossS11<-10dB
Input fiber
PM Panda slow axis alignment
Output fiber
Single mode fiber or PM fiber
Fiber connector
FC/APC or customer specified
Operating temperatureTop-10~60C
Storage temperatureTst-40~80C
RF input powerPi<28dBm
Max. input optical powerPo30mW50mW100mW100mW

1.1 1064nm High Extinction Ratio Electro-optic Intensity Modulator STK-AM-10

electro-optic modulator

Key Features

  • 1064nm Operation

  • Low insertion loss

  • 3dB bandwidth 5GHz

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • High Extinction Ratio >50dB

Applications

  • Optical Pulse Generation

  • Optical fiber sensing system

  • Laser mode locking

The 1064nm high extinction ratio electro-optical intensity modulator integrates two Mach-Zehnder intensity modulators with a push-pull structure, which can achieve an extinction ratio of up to 50dB. It is used in the fields of high-speed optical pulse generation, fiber sensing, and laser mode locking.

Block diagram

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ParametersSymbolMin.Typ.Max.Unit
Optical Parameters
Cystal
LiNbO3 X-Cut Y-Prop
Waveguide process
APE
Wavelength
98010641100nm
Insertion loss*IL
78dB
Optical return lossORL

-40dB
Extinction ratio @DCER@DC50

dB
Polarization extinction ratio*PER2528
dB
FiberInput
Panda PM 980
Output
Panda PM 980
Fiber connector
FC/PC、FC/APC or user specified
Electrical Parameters
Bandwidth(-3dB)S215

GHz
Half-wave voltage VpiRF1 & RF2Vπ@50KHz
4.55V
Bias1 & Bias2Vπ@Bias
45V
Electrical return lossS11
-12-10dB
Input impedanceRF1 & RF2ZRF50
Bias1 & Bias2ZBIAS1M
Electrical connectorRF1 & RF2
SMA(f)
Bias1 & Bias2
4pin

*with connector

Absolute Maximum Ratings

ParametersSymbolUnitMin.Typ.Max.
Input optical powerPin,MaxdBm

10
RF input power
dBm

28
Bias voltageVbiasV-15
15
Operating temperatureTopºC-10
60
Storage temperatureTstºC-40
85
HumidityRH%5
90
Dimension
mm
111x12.5x9

Ordering Information

  • STK-AM-10-BW-PP-FA/FP-HER

  • WL—Wavelength: 10-1064nm

  • BW—Bandwidth: 5G---5GHz

  • FA/FP—Connector: FA---FC/APC; FP---FC/PC

1.2 1550nm High Extinction Ratio Electro-optic Intensity Modulator

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Key Features

  • C and L-Band Operation

  • Low insertion loss

  • 3dB bandwidth 10GHz

  • Extinction ratio 35/40dB

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • Integrated Monitor Photodiode

  • Telecordia GR-468-CORE

Applications

  • Microwave fiber link

  • Quantum communication

  • Optical pulse generation

  • Optical fiber sensing system

  • Laser mode locking

The 1550nm High Extinction Ratio LiNbO3 electro-optical intensity modulator based on the M-Z push-pull structure has a low half-wave voltage and stable physical and chemical characteristics, and the device has a high response rate, high extinction ratio(>40dB) and is therefore widely used in microwave fiber link, Quantum communication, optical Q-switched systems, laser mode-locking, and fiber sensing .

Schematic diagram

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ParametersSymbolMin.Typ.Max.Unit
Optical Parameters
Wavelength
1525
1565nm
Insertion loss(with connector)IL
45dB
Optical return lossORL

-45dB
Extinction ratio @DCER@DC3540
dB
FiberInput
Panda PM Fujikura SM 15-P-8/125-UV/UV-400
Output
Panda PM Fujikura SM 15-P-8/125-UV/UV-400
Fiber interface
FC/PC、FC/APC or user specified
Electrical Parameters
Bandwidth(-3dB)S211012
GHz
Rise time (10%~90%)Tr35

ps
Half-wave voltage VpiRFVπ@50KHz

5V
BiasVπ@Bias

6V
Electrical return lossS11
-12-10dB
Photodiode ResponsivityRP10-3

A/W
Input impedanceRFZRF50
BiasZBIAS1M
Electrical interface
SMA(f)
Dimension
111x12.5x9 mm

Absolute Maximum Ratings

ParametersSymbolUnitMin.Typ.Max.
Input optical powerPin,MaxdBm

20
RF input power
dBm

28
Bias voltageVbiasV-20
20
Operating temperatureTopºC-10
60
Storage temperatureTstºC-40
85
HumidityRH%5
90

Characteristic Curve

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Ordering Information: STK-AM-WL-BW-PP-FA/FP-ER

  • WL—Wavelength:15-1550nm

  • BW—Bandwidth:10G---10GHz 20G-20GHz

  • FA/FP—Connector:FA---FC/APC; FP---FC/PC

  • ER----Extinction Ratio: 35dB, 40dB

1.3 10GB 1550nm All-in-one Electro-optic Modulator STK-MU-15-NRZ

We can provide with the driver for the above electro-modulators and integrate the modulator, amplifier and relevant controllers together. The user can manually or automatically set the bias points. At the manual setting mode, the bias can be displayed and the EO modulator and amplifier individually operate. At the automatic setting mode, the user can set various bias points according to the demand and the bias point is locked and displayed. The modulation performance of the modulator is not influenced by external factors such as environment temperature and vibration.

electro-optic modulator EOM


SymbolMinTypicalMaxUnit
Optical parameters
Wavelengthl152015501610nm
Crystal
LiNbO3
Insertion loss@PeakIL
4.55.5dB
@QIL
78dB
Optical return lossORL

-45dB
Extinction ratio @DCER@DC2528
dB
FiberInput
Panda PM Fujikura SM 15-P-8/125-UV/UV-400
Output
Corning SMF-28
Electrical parameters
Bandwidth (-3dB)S211012
GHz
Working speed
10K
12.5Gbps
Input signal format

NRZ

Input signal amplitudeVi0.250.40.8Vpp
Half-wave voltage @10Gbps4.55.0
V
Dynamic extinction ratio@10Gbps NRZDER12

dB
Rise time (10%-90%)Tr3035
ps
Additional vibration*JitterRMS1.11.72.0ps
Amplification gainG0
25dB
Loss from wavesS11
-12-10dB
Input impedance @RF inputZRF
50
W
Manual setting mode
Bias voltageVbias-10
10V
Adj. accuracy

0.1
V
Automatic setting mode
Bias
Null, Q+/-, Peak
Vibration periodF
1
KHz
Vibration amplitudeVpp
2%Vπ

Harmonic extinction ratio
4050
dB
Optical power stabilityDP

0.1dB
Duty
45
55%
Other parameters
Input interface
SMA(f)
Optical interfaceInput
FC/APC PM
Output
FC/APC SM
Input powerVDCAC 220V
DimensionLxWxH270x300x90mm
Weight
<5kg
Port
RS232
Display contentsManual
Amplification gain, real-time bias voltage
Automatic
Amplification gain, bias Vpi, real-time bias voltage, bias lock status

EOM, electro-optic modulator

Ordering Information: STK-MU-W-XX-BW-FB-YY-M/A

  • W: wavelength such as 15-1550nm, 13-1310nm, 10-1064nm

  • XX: modulation method such as NRZ, DPSK, DQPSK, DPQPSK, AN, PM

  • BW: bandwidth such as 02-2.5G, 10-10G, 20-20G, 40-40G

  • FB: input/output fiber type such as PP (input & output are PM), PS (input is PM and output is SM)

  • YY: fiber connector such as FA-FC/APC, FP-FC/PC

  • M/A: control mode, M is manual and A is automatic.

2. Electro-optic Phase Modulator

The STK-KY-PM series electro-optic phase modulator utilizes the electro-optical effect of lithium niobate to achieve phase modulation of optical signals, and uses titanium diffusion or proton exchange process to fabricate optical waveguides, which can achieve dual-polarization or single-polarization phase modulation. It has low insertion loss, high modulation bandwidth, low half-wave voltage, high damage optical power, etc. This product is mainly used for optical chirp control in high-speed optical communication systems, phase delay in coherent communication systems, the generation of optical sidebands, phase modulation in quantum communication, reducing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in analog optical fiber communication systems and other fields.

electro-optic modulator

Key Features

  • Wavelengths optional

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • Low insertion loss

  • High damage optical power

Applications

  • Optical fiber sensing systems

  • Optical fiber communication

  • Laser coherent synthesis

  • Phase delay (movement)

  • Quantum communication

ParametersSymbolSTK-PM830-1STK-PM1064-1STK-PM1550-1STK-PM1550-2
Wavelength
830+/-401064+/-601550+/-50nm
Insertion lossIL<5 dB<4 dB<4 dB4 dB
Optical return lossORL-40 dB-45 dB-45dB-40 dB
Bandwidth (-3dB)S212.5GHz10GHz-300MHz10GHz
Rise time 10%~90%tr150ps35ps1ns35ps
Vpi@50KHz5V4.5V4V4V
Input resistanceZRF501M50
Electrical interface
SMA(f)3pinSMA(f)
Electrical return lossS11<-10dB
Input/output fiber
PM Panda slow axis alignment
Fiber connector
FC/APC or customer specified
Operating temperatureTop-10~60C
Storage temperatureTst-40~80C
RF input powerPi<28dBm
Maximum input
optical power
Po30mW100mW100mW100mW

2.1 1550nm Optical CS-SSB Modulation Modules

The STK-MU-SSB-15 series product is an optical CS-SSB modulation module developed by our company. The modulation module integrates Mach-Zehnder dual parallel modulators, bias point control circuits, 90 degree hybrid splitter, can achieve stable and reliable single sideband modulation, and can switch between left and right sideband control as needed. This product is mainly used in Brillouin fiber sensing systems, microwave photonics, gas detection and other fields.

electro-optic phase modulator

Key Features

  • Wavelength C-band

  • Sideband suppression ratio:>30dB

  • Carrier suppression ratio: >26dB

  • Up and down sidebands

  • Convenient to use and reliable

Applications

  • Optical fiber sensing system

  • Microwave photonics

  • Gas detection

  • Optical fiber communication systems

ParametersSymbolMin.Typ.Max.Unit
Carrier Optical Source Parameters (Provided by the user)
Laser typeDFB source or wavelength tunable source
Wavelengthl1510
1560nm
Line widthDn-
1MHz
Polarization extinction ratioPER
20-dB
PowerPi
10100mW
Modulator Specification Parameters
Modulator typeX-cut double parallel M-Z modulator
Modulator bandwidth S21@3dBBW1012-GHz
Insertion lossIL
78dB
Return lossRL-45-50-dB
Bias Controller Parameters
Automatic feedback bias controller
Jitter mode
Jitter signal frequency
40010001400Hz
Jitter signal amplitude
10501000mV
Preset work point
Lowest point
CS-SSB Optical Output Signal
Single sideband modulation range*F1
12GHz
Input RF powerPRF-5
5dBm
Sideband suppression ratio @1550nm
3035-dB
Carrier suppression ratio @1550nm
26
32dB
Interface
Input fiber
Panda type polarization-maintaining fiber
Output fiber
Panda type polarization-maintaining fiber
Fiber optic interface
PM FC/APC Slow axis alignment
Input RF signal interface
SMA(50Ω)
Bias controller communication interface
J30J
Other Parameters
Operating temperatureTo+15-+35ºC
Stored temperatureTs-40-+75ºC
Power supplyV-15-V
Module sizeLWH160*125*20 mm
Weight
-0.3-Kg

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3. Drive Module for Electro-optic Modulator

electro-optic modulator

Key Features

  • 10G, 20G, 40GHz optional bandwidth

  • Gain> 25dB

  • Saturated output Max.25dBm (11Vpp)

  • Rise time Min.<8ps

  • Low jitter

  • DC12V power supply

  • Easy to use

Applications

  • High-speed optical fiber communication system

  • Quantum communication

  • Picosecond pulse amplification

  • Optical fiber sensing system

electro-optic modulator

Product List

  • 10G driver module

  • 10G high output driver module

  • 20G driver module

  • 40G driver module

The STK-KY-MD-XX series electro-optic modulator driver is a broadband, high-output driver amplifier mainly used for lithium niobate electro-optical intensity and phase modulator. Its working bandwidth is up to 30K ~ 40GHz, and it can achieve a maximum of 42Gbps NRZ wideband signal amplification up to 8Vpp. It is mainly used in high-speed optical fiber communication systems, quantum communication, picosecond pulse amplification, and optical fiber sensing systems.

ParametersSymbolUnitSTK-MD-10GSTK-MD-10G-HOSTK-MD-20GSTK-MD-40G
Bandwidth(-3dB)S21-HighGHz>10>8>20>35
S21-LowKHz301003030
Data rate
bps100k~12.5G100k~10G100k~25G100k~42G
GainGdB>26>30>28>28
Gain rippleDGdB<3<3<3<3
Output amplitudeVoutVpp81188
Saturated output powerPsdBm23252323
Rise time (10% -90%)Trps3540188
JitterJitterRMSps<2<2<1<1
IsolationS12dB<-40
Electrical return lossS11dB<-12<-10<-10<-10
RF connector

SMA(f)K(f)
Operating VoltageVDCV
DC 12V
Working currentIomA
<500
DimensionsLxWxHmm
50x33x15

Absolute Maximum Ratings

ParametersSymbolUnitMin.Typ.Max.
Input signal amplitudeVinVpp

1.5
Operating VoltageDCV11.5
13
Operating temperatureTopºC-20
60
Storage temperatureTstºC-40
85

Characteristic Curve

electro-optic modulator eom

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Typical Application

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4. STK Series Dual Parallel High-speed IQ Modulator

STK-IQ-15-20G-PP-FA

Features:

  • Low insertion loss.

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • High extinction ratio

  • Built-in detector

Application:

  • Single Side Band modulation.

  • QPSK, QAM, OFDM modulation

  • FWCW LiDAR

Introduction

STK-IQ-15-20G-PP-FA is a wideband, low insertion loss dual parallel Mach Zehnder interference modulator, which is prepared by Titanium diffusion process, with high bandwidth and low driving voltage. The dual parallel IQ modulator integrates two sub-MZs and an external master MZ with essentially the same structure and performance, as shown in Figure 1. It contains two RF signal input ports of I and Q channels, and three bias voltage ports of MZ structure, which has a high integration, stable working performance, so can independently realize single-sideband modulation and QAM modulation methods such as carrier suppression.

The operating wavelength of the dual parallel IQ modulator is C+L band, 3dB bandwidth can up to 25GHz. It uses 2.92mm female connector, input and output are Panda type polarization maintaining fiber, and optical fiber connector can choose FC/APC or FC/PC. It has two built-in monitoring PDs and the corresponding bias point control circuit, to realize the modulator is not affected by the external environment and works stably for long time. It mainly used in QAM and other high-speed optical fiber communication and distributed optical fiber sensing and other fields. For the application environment, we can provide industrial grade -40~70 °C, military grade -55~70 °C and anti-irradiation aerospace grade products.

Parameters

ParametersSymbolMin.Typ.Max.Unit
Wavelengthλ153015501610nm
CrystalLithium Niobate X-Cut   Y-Prop
Insertion lossIL
56.5dB
Extinction ratio @DCER2023
dB
3dB BandwidthBW2025
GHz

Electrical Return loss

S11
-12-10dB
DC half-wave voltageVπDC1.2
67V
VπDC3
78V

RF half-wave voltage

VπRF@50KHz
56V
ImpedanceZRF
50
Ω
Optical Return lossORL4045
dB
Polarization Extinction RatioPER2023
dB

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameters

SymbolUnitMin.Typ.Max.
RF input   powerRPidBm

27
Optical   input powerOPidBm

20
Bias   voltageVbV-15
15
Operating   temperature*TopºC-10
70
Storage temperatureTstºC-40
85
HumidityRH%5
90

Typical Curve:

Dimension:

Pin   definition

PIN

FunctionNote

IN

Optical inputPanda PM fiber (slow axis), FC/APC

OUT

Optical inputPanda PM fiber (slow axis) or SM fiber,   FC/APC

RF1,2

RF1/2 input2.92 female K

1

GroundGND

2,3,4

DC1, DC2, DC3 +DC bias

5,6

PD1 -/+PD1 Cathode/Anode

7,8

PD2 -/+PD2 Cathode/Anode

SCQ Series Electro-optic Light Modulators

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SCQ series electro-optic modulators have the features of low insertion loss, wide bandwidth, low half-wave voltage etc and are to be used in space optical communication, time base, pulse generator and quantum optics etc.

SCQ series electro-optic modulators are mainly divided into two groups: intensity modulators and phase modulators. Their working wavelengths are 780nm, 850nm, 1064nm, 1310nm, 1550nm and 2000nm。Other wavelengths are available upon request.

Definition of Part Numbers: SCQ-XX-WW-XG-F-FC

  • XX: modulator type. AM is intensity modulator and PM is phase modulator.

  • WW: operation wavelength, such as 850nm, 1064nm, 1310nm,1550nm and 2000nm

  • XG: operation bandwidth, such as 2.5G, 10G, 40G

  • F: In-out fiber such as PP (PM/PMF)

  • FC: fiber connector such as FA (FC/APC), FP (FC/PC)

1. SCQ Series Intensity Modulators

Part numberOperation wavelength nmMin wavelength nmMax wavelength nmBandwidth HzIn/out fiberFiber connector
SCQ-AM-850-10G85083087010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1064-10G1060980115010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1310-2.5G1310129013302.5GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1550-2.5G1550153015652.5GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1550-10G15501530156510GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1550-20G15501530156518GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-AM-1550-40G15501530156528GPM/PMFA, FP

1.1 SCQ-AM-1310 Series 1310nm Intensity Modulators

The LiNbO3 intensity modulator is widely used in high-speed optical communication system, laser sensing and ROF systems because of well electro-optic effect. The SCQ-AM series based on MZ structure and X-cut design, has stable physical and chemical characteristics, which can be applied both in laboratory experiments and industrial systems.

Features:

  • Low insertion loss

  • Bandwidth: 2.5GHz

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • Customization option

Applications:

  • ROF systems

  • Quantum key distribution

  • Laser sensing systems

  • Side-band modulation

Optical Parameters:

ParameterSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Operating wavelength129013101330nm
Insertion lossIL
45dB
Optical return lossORL

-45dB
Switch extinction ratio @DCER@DC2023
dB
Dynamic extinction ratioDER
13
dB
Optical fiber (Input port)
PM Fiber   (125/250μm)
Optical fiber (Output port)
PM Fiber or SM Fiber (125/250μm)
Optical fiber interface
FC/PC、FC/APC Or   Customization

Electrical Parameters:

ParameterSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Operating bandwidth (-3dB)S21
2.5
GHz
Half-wave voltage (RF)VΠ@1KHz
34V
Half-wave voltage (Bias)VΠ@1KHz
3.54.5V
Electrical return lossS11
-12-10dB
Input impedance (RF)ZRF50W
Input impedance (Bias)ZBIAS1MW
Electrical interface
SMA(f)

Limit Conditions:

ParameterSymbolUnitMinTypMax
Input optical powerPin, MaxdBm

20
Input RF   power
dBm

28
ias voltageVbiasV-15
15
Operating temperatureTop-10
60
Storage temperatureTst-40
85
HumidityRH%5
90

Order Information:

SCQAM132.5GXXXX
SCQ seriesType:

AM---Intensity Modulator

Wavelength:

13---1310nm

Operation bandwidth:

2.5G---2.5GHz


In-Out Fiber type:

PP---PM/PM

Optical connector:

FA---FC/APC

FP---FC/PC

SP---Customization


PORTSymbolNote
InOptical input portPM Fiber (125μm/250μm)
OutOptical output portPM and SM Fiber option
RFRF input portSMA(f)
BiasBias control port1,2 Bias, 34-N/C

2. SCQ Series Phase Modulators

Part numberOperation wavelength nmMin wavelength nmMax wavelength nmBandwidth HzIn/out fiberFiber connector
SCQ-PM-780-10G78076080010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-850-10G85078089010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1064-300M10609801150300MPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1064-10G1060980115010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1310-10G13101290133010GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1550-300M 155015301565300MPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1550-10G 15501530156510GPM/PMFA, FP
SCQ-PM-1550-20G15501530156520GPM/PMFA, FP

2.1 SCQ-PM Series 1310nm Electro-optical Phase Modulators

The LiNbO3 phase modulator is widely used in a high-speed optical communication system, laser sensing, and ROF systems because of well electro-optic effect. The SCQ-PM-1310 series, based on Ti-diffused technology, has stable physical and chemical characteristics, which can meet most applications in laboratory experiments and industrial systems.

Features:

  • Low insertion loss

  • Polarization-maintaining

  • Low half-wave voltage

  • Dual-polarization option

Application:

  • Optical communication

  • Quantum key distribution

  • Frequency shifting

Optical parameters:

Parameter

SymbolMinTypMaxUnit

Operating wavelength

l129013101330nm

Insertion loss

IL
3.54dB

Optical return loss

ORL

-45dB

Polarization extinction   ratio

PER20

dB
Optical fiberInput port
PM fiber(125/250μm)
Output port
PM fiber(125/250μm)

Optical fiber interface


FC/PC、FC/APC Or   Customization

Electrical Parameters:

ParameterSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Operating bandwidth(-3dB)S211012
GHz
Half-wave voltage @50KHz
2.73V
Electrical return lossS11
-12-10dB
Input impedanceZRF50
Electrical interface
SMA(f)

Limit parameters:

ParameterSymbolUnitMinTypMax
Input optical powerPin,MaxdBm

20
Input RF power
dBm

28
Operating temperatureTop-10
60
Storage temperatureTst-40
85
HumidityRH%5
90

Ordering Information:

SCQPM13XXXXXX
SCQ seriesModulator type:

PM--- Phase   modulator

Operating  wavelength:

13---1310nm

Operating bandwidth:

10---10G

Input & output fiber:

PM/PM

Connector:

FA ---FC/APC

FP ---FC/PC

SP---user specified


PORTSymbolNote
InOptical input portPM Fiber (125μm/250μm)
OutOptical output portPM and SM Fiber option
RFRF input portSMA(f)
BiasBias control port1,2 Bias, 34-N/C

3. Drivers

3.1  SCQ-RF Series Drivers

SCQ-RF broadband RF amplifier (or called as driver) is a desktop instrument specially designed for high-speed lithium niobate electro-optic modulator. This instrument can amplify the small high-speed signal level to the higher level that can drive the modulator, thus driving the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) electro-optic modulator to work, and has good gain flatness in the broadband range.

Features:

  • High bandwidth: 10, 20 or 40 GHz

  • Variable gain

  • The output range is up to 8V

  • Highly integrated

  • Easy to use

Applications:

  • 10/20/40G optical modulating system

  • Fiber optic testing system

  • Optical fiber sensing system

Parameters of SCQ-RF-40 Driver

ParameterUnitMinTypMax
Transmission rateGb/s0.0001
44
Operating frequency rangeHz50K40G
Output voltage magnitudeV789
Gain marginV0.30.40.6
Regulation precisiondB242735
Output power   P1dBV
0.1
Gain variation(ripple)dBm20

Rise/fall timedB
±1.5
Additional jitterps
812
Input/output impedanceps
0.42
Input voltage amplitude-50-

Input voltage standing-wave ratio VSWR

(75k to 10GHz)



1.6:1

2.25:1

Output voltage standing-wave ratio VSWR

2:13:1
Boundary dimension(L x W x H)mm270 x 200 x 70
Operating voltageVAC 220
RF interface
V(f)-V(f)

Limit Conditions

ParameterUnitMinTypMax
Input voltage amplitudeV

1
Working temperatureºC-10
60
Storage e temperatureºC-40
85
Humidity%5
90

Eye Diagram

Ordering Information:


SCQRFXXXXX
SCQ series driversRF   amplifierOperating rate:

10---10Gbps

20---20Gbps

40---40Gbps

Output characteristic:

Blank---Standard

HO---High voltage output

RZ---RZ signal amplification

Footprint:

D---Table model


3.2 MZM Bias Controller

The bias controller is specially designed for Mach-Zehnder modulators to ensure a stable operation state in various operating environments. Based on its fully digitized signal processing method, the controller can provide highly stable performance. The controller injects a low frequency, low amplitude dither signal together with bias voltage into the modulator. It keeps reading the output from the modulator and determines the condition of the bias voltage and the related error. A new bias voltage will be applied afterwards according to the previous measurement. In this way, the modulator is ensured to work under proper bias voltage.

Features:

  • Bias voltage control on Peak/Null/Q+/Q−

  • Bias voltage control on arbitrary point

  • Ultra precise control: (1) 50dB  maximum extinction ratio on Null mode; (2) ±0.5◦ accuracy on Q+ and Q− modes

  • Low dither amplitude: (1) 0.1% Vπ at NULL mode and PEAK mode; (2)  2% Vπ at Q+ mode and Q− mode

  • High stability: with fully digital implementation

  • Low profile: 40mm(W) × 30mm(D) × 10mm(H)

  • Easy to use: (1) Manual operation with mini jumper; (2) Flexible OEM operations through MCU UART2

  • Two different modes to provide bias voltage: (1) Automatic bias control; (2) User defined bias voltage

Application:

  • LiNbO3 and other MZ modulators

  • Digital NRZ, RZ

  • Pulse applications

  • Brillouin scattering system and other optical sensors

  • CATV Transmitter

Ordering Information

Part No.: SCQ-RF-BC

Remark: (1) The highest extinction ratio depends on and cannot exceed modulator maximum extinction ratio. (2) UART operation is only available on some version of the controller.

Performance:

Maxim DC Extinction Ratio:

In this experiment, no RF signals were applied to the system. Pure DC extinction has been measured.

(1) Figure 3 demonstrates the optical power of modulator output, when modulator controlled at Peak point. It shows 3.71dBm in the diagram.

(2) Figure 4 shows the optical power of modulator output, when modulator controlled at Null point. It shows -46.73dBm in the diagram. In real experiment, the value varies around -47dBm; and -46.73 is a stable value.

(3) Therefore, the stable DC extinction ratio measured is 50.4dB.

Requirements for High Extinction Ratio:

(1) System modulator must have high extinction ratio. Characteristic of system modulator decides the maximum extinction ratio can be achieved.

(2) Polarization of modulator input light shall be taken care of. Modulators are sensitive to polarization. Proper polarization can improve extinction ratio over 10dB. In lab experiments, usually a polarization controller is needed.

(3) Proper bias controllers. In our DC extinction ratio experiment, 50.4dB extinction ratio has been achieved. While the datasheet of the modulator manufacture only lists 40dB. The reason of this improvement is that some modulators drift very fast. Our SCQ-RF-BC-ANY bias controllers update the bias voltage every 1 second to ensure fast track response.

Specifications:

ParameterMinTypMaxUnitConditions
Control   Performance
Extinction   ratio
MER 150dB
CSO2−55−65−70dBcDither   amplitude: 2%Vπ
Stablization   time
4
sTracking   points: Null & Peak
Stablization   time
10
sTracking   points: Q+ & Q-
Electrical
Positive   power voltage+14.5+15+15.5V
Positive   power current20
30mA
Negative   power voltage-15.5-15-14.5V
Negative   power current2
4mA
Output   voltage range-9.57
+9.85V
Output   voltage precision
346
µV
Dither   frequency999.9510001000.05HzVersion:   1kHz dither signal
Dither   amplitude
0.1%Vπ
VTracking   points: Null & Peak
Dither   amplitude
2%Vπ
VTracking   points: Q+ & Q-
Input   optical power3-30
-5dBm
Input   wavelength780
2000nm

1 MER refers to Modulator Extinction Ratio. The extinction ratio achieved is typically the extinction ratio of modulator specified in modulator datasheet.

2 CSO refers to composite second order. To measure CSO correctly, the linear quality of RF signal, modulators and receivers shall be

ensured. In addition, the system CSO readings may vary when running at different RF frequencies.

3 Please be noted that input optical power does not correspond to the optical power at selected bias point. It refers to the maximum optical power that the modulator can export to controller when bias voltage ranges from −Vπ to +Vπ .

GroupOperationExplanation
Photodiode1PD: Connect   MZM photodiode’s CathodeProvide   photocurrent feedback
GND: Connect   MZM photodiode’s Anode
PowerPower source   for bias controllerV-: connects   the negative electrode
V+: connects   the positive electrode
Middle probe:   connects the ground electrode
ResetInsert jumper   and pull out after 1 secondReset the controller
Mode SelectInsert or pull   out the jumperno jumper:   Null mode; with jumper: Quad mode
Polar Select2Insert or pull   out the jumperno jumper:   Positive Polar; with jumper: Negative Polar
Bias VoltageConnect with   the MZM bias voltage portOUT and GND   provide bias voltages for modulator
LEDConstantly onWorking under   stable state
On-off or   off-on every 0.2sProcessing   data and searching for controlling point
On-off or   off-on every 1sInput optical   power is too weak
On-off or off-on   every 3sInput optical   power is too strong
UARTOperate   controller via UART3.3: 3.3V   reference voltage
GND: Ground
RX: Receive of   controller
TX: Transmit   of controller
Control SelectInsert or pull   out the jumperno jumper:   jumper control; with jumper: UART control

1 Some MZ modulators have internal photodiodes. Controller setup should be chosen between using controller’s photodiode or using modulator’s internal photodiode. It is recommended to use controller’s photodiode for lab experiments for two reasons. Firstly, controller photodiode has ensured quality. Secondly, it is easier to adjust the input light intensity. Note: If using modulator’s internal photodiode, please make sure that the output current of photodiode is strictly proportional to input power.

2 Polar pin is used to switch the control point between Peak and Null in Null control mode(determined by Mode Select pin) or Quad+ and Quad- in Quad control mode. If jumper of polar pin is not inserted, the control point will be Null in Null mode or Quad+ in Quad mode. Amplitude of RF system will also affect the control point. When there is no RF signal or RF signal amplitude is small, controller is able to lock the work point to correct point as selected by MS and PLR jumper. When the RF signal amplitude exceeds certain threshold, polar of the system will be changed, in this case, the PLR header should be in the opposite state, i.e. the jumper should be inserted if it is not or pulled out if it is inserted.

Typical Application:  

The controller is easy to use as follows:

Step1. Connect 1% port of the coupler to the photodiode of the controller.

Step2. Connect bias voltage output of the controller (through SMA or 2.54mm 2-pin header) to bias port of the modulator.

Step3. Provide controller with +15V and -15V DC voltages.

Step4. Reset the controller and it will start to work.

NOTE. Please be ensured that RF signal of the whole system is on before resetting the controller.

STOL Series Fiber Coupled Optical Modulators

The basic construction of a modulator starts with a wafer made of lithium niobate. Embedded in the wafer is a waveguide used to direct the light through the modulator. At least two electrodes are placed on the top surface of the wafer near the waveguide. These electrodes are used to modulate the signal by utilizing the Pockels effect. Simply put, the Pockels effect is when an electric field applied to a crystal causes the refractive index to change. By changing the refractive index of the crystal, the light traveling through the waveguide changes phase which is used to modulate the signal.

We offer phase and intensity modulators. Our large variety of modulators makes it easy to find a suitable device for your project. The modulators we offer come with operational wavelengths from 850–1550nm and 3dB bandwidths ranging from 5– 50GHz. These high-performance modulators have a low insertion loss, high extinction ratio, can operate with high optical power, and offer excellent stability. Additionally, we offer modulators with PM outputs and low drive voltages to suit a wider variety of applications.

1.  Phase Modulator

A phase modulator consists of a single waveguide seated in lithium niobate with two electrodes placed on either side of the waveguide (Figure below). This is the simplest type of modulator.

Out phase modulator is a high performance LiNbO3 modulator.  This phase modulator can provide phase modulation with x-cut Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) process with a low driving voltage.  It has low insertion loss and high transmission power.  The modulator uses polarization maintaining input and output fibers, making it easy to integrate with other optical components.  Contact us for more information

Features:

  • Polarization maintaining output

  • Low insertion loss (≤4.0dB)

  • High input power handling capability

  • Cabling 900µm tubing

  • Polarization extinction ratio ≥ 21dB

Applications:

  • Analog modulation

  • Pulse generation

  • Quantum photonic

  • Active mode locking laser

Specifications:

ModelWavelength   (nm)Bandwidth   (GHz)Maximum Input   optical power (mW)Vπ (V)Optical return   loss (≤ dB)RF port   connectorsDimensions

(mm)

STOL-PM-785-0.57850.554V @ 1GHz-30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-785-57855.055V@ 1GHz-30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-785-1078510205.2V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-785-207852056.8V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-850-0.28500.2201.1V@0.1GHz40K connector65x11.5x5.8
STOL-PM-1064-201064203005.5V @1GHz40V female87x14.5x10.1
STOL-PM-1310-513105506V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-1310-10131010508.8V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-1550-0.2-S15500.21002.4V@10kHz45SMA female96x14x8.6
STOL-PM-1550-515505509V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-1550-101550104010.5V @ 1GHz30K connector96x25x16.3
STOL-PM-1550-0.5-PMLD15500.5504V@0.001GHz30K connector96x25x16.3

Functional diagram:

Mechanical drawing:  

2.     Intensity Modulator

An intensity modulator uses the architecture of a Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) by splitting the waveguide into two paths and recombining them (Figure below). The electrodes are placed around the two waveguide paths to modulate the phase in the light while split. When the paths recombine, the light path undergoes either constructive or deconstructive interference depending on the phase, thereby modulating the light intensity.

Our Intensity modulator is designed for analog modulation of different frequency for satellite links, antenna remoting and RF over Fiber.  By using Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) waveguide, the modulator provides low insertion loss and high-power handling capability.  It features a highly linear transfer function and excellent extinction ratio.  The modulator is compatible with a wide variety of modulator drivers and a separate bias port allows the modulator to operate at specific points of the transfer function.

Features:

  • Polarization Maintaining (PM) output or Single Mode (SM) output

  • Low insertion loss (≤ 4.5dB)

  • High input power handling capability

  • Low drive voltage

Applications:

  • Analog modulation

  • Pulse generation

  • Quantum photonics

  • Active mode locking laser

Specifications:

ModelWavelength (nm)Bandwidth (GHz)Max. Input   optical power (mW)Vπ (V)Optical return   loss (≤ dB)RF port   connectorsDimensions (mm)
STOL-IM-785-0.5-PM7850.5102.5@1KHz-45GPO male65 x 11.4 x 4.8
STOL-IM-785-20-PM78520105.5@10GHz-45V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-785-40-PM78540106.5@20GHz-45V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-850-5-PM8505205.0@1GHz-45V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-850-10-PM85010205.0@1GHz-45V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-850-20-PM85020205.5@10GHz-45V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-1064-10-PM1064101004.3@10GHz-45K female96.1 x 24.9 x 16.3
STOL-IM-1064-20-PM1064201004.3@20GHz-45K female96.1 x 24.9 x 16.3
STOL-IM-1064-40-PM1064403003.9@1GHz-50V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-1310-10-PM1310101006.6@10GHz-45K female66 x 22 x 9
STOL-IM-1310-20-PM1310201005@1kHz-45K female66 x 22 x 9
STOL-IM-1310-40-PM1310401005.1@1GHz-50V female87 x 14.5 x 10
STOL-IM-1550-10-PM1550101006@1GHz-45K female96 x 14 x 8.5
STOL-IM-1550-10-PMV1550101006@1GHz-45V female96 x 14 x 8.5
STOL-IM-1550-10-SM1550101005@1GHz-35SMA117.9 x 15.2 x 9.8
STOL-IM-1550-20-SM1550201005.7@1GHz-45K female/SMA96 x 24.9 x 16.3
STOL-IM-1550-40-PM1550401004.5@30GHz-45V female71 x 16 x 7

Options:

STOL-IM-785-40-PM-XX

XX       HE: High Extinction Ratio

PD: internal PD

Please contact us for available options.

Functional diagram:

Mechanical drawing:

1.  STOL-IM-XXX-XX-PM-PD housing, with internal PD

2.   STOL-IM-XXX-XX-PM housing, no internal PD

Available accessories: ST-BCB-4

This is a compact bias control board designed to maintain the linear operating point of optical intensity modulators

3.     Multi-functional integrated optical chip

The Multi-functional Integrated Optical Chip (MIOC) is the key component of Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) for rotational rate sensing and inertial navigation systems.  This Integrated Optic Chip device is composed of a polarizer, a Y-junction coupler and dual electro optic phase modulators.  By using Lithium Niobate, the integrated optic chip is fabricated with Proton Exchange optical waveguides.  It has features Polarization Extinction Ratio exceeding 60 dB that can minimize bias drift which results from polarization crosstalk induced non-reciprocity.  The Fiber Optic Current Sensor (FOCS) chip is designed for fiber optic current sensing.

Features

  • 1550±20nm operation

  • PM input and output port

  • Low insertion loss 3.5 dB

  • Polarization extinction ratio > 60dB

  • Low Vπ voltage 4V

  • Unpackaged chip available

Applications:

  • Fiber optic gyroscope (FOG)

  • Fiber optic current sensor (FOCS)

  • Hydrophone and other optic sensitive fields

Specifications:

ModelWavelength (nm)Bandwidth (nm)Split ratio (%)Intensity modulation (%)Insertion lossDimensions

(mm)

STOL-MIOC-1550-BC155020500.13.51x1.8x22.5
STOL-MIOC-1550-BC-P155020500.12.51x1.8x22.5
STOL-MIOC-1550-PG155020500.13.55.85x12.85x40.5
STOL-MIOC-1550-PG-P155020500.12.85.85x12.85x40.5
STOL-MIOC-1550-SB155020500.13.51.75x7x26
STOL-MIOC-1550-SP155020500.13.53x6.5x33
STOL-FOCS-1550-PG155020500.14.25.85x12.85x40.5

Functional diagram:

Mechanical drawing:

STOL-MIOC-1550-BC

4.     RF Amplifier Modulator Driver

Our high gain RF amplifier module offers cost-effective solutions for microwave and analog link.  It is a compact and user-friendly module that provides a high quality, single ended voltage to drive optical modulator.  Featuring a 12V or 5V DC power supply, this versatile module has an anodized. Precision-machined aluminium housing designed for efficient heat dissipation during prolonged use.  Most of the modulator features a manually adjustable DC bias output voltage port, to further complement its effectiveness when used with a standard optical modulator.

Applications:

  • Analog RF amplification

  • 5G wireless antenna

  • RF over fiber link

  • Digital modulation

  • General laboratory test and measurement

  • SONET/SDH

Specifications:

ModelBandwidth (GHz)S11   Characteristics (dB)Data rate   (Gb/s)RF Gain (dB)Saturated   output power (dBm)Gain ripple   (dB)Input, output   impedance (Ω)Gain adjustment   range (dB)Power supply   requirement
STOL-MD-9-M3 to 9-15-34300.550-5V DC
STOL-MD-50E-M45-10502014.51.5501512V DC, 2A
STOL-MD-20-M18-102319 to 24260.550512V DC, 1A
STOL-MD-12-DC12-1012.514 to 26261.550612V DC, 1A

Please contact us for more information.

Functional Diagram and Drawings:

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